Can I connect a microphone via Bluetooth?

What is Bluetooth?
Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology standard that allows devices to communicate with each other over the 2.4 GHz band. It was introduced by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) in 1994 and has gone through multiple generations of specifications and revisions over the years.
Bluetooth allows devices like smartphones, speakers, headphones, fitness trackers, computers, and more to connect directly without cables or a separate wireless router. For example, Bluetooth enables a smartphone to play music through a separate Bluetooth speaker or allows activity trackers to connect to a smartphone to sync data.
The core Bluetooth technology operates on the globally available 2.4 GHz unlicensed spectrum radio frequency band. Devices with Bluetooth communicate within ranges from a couple feet up to over 300 feet for the latest Bluetooth 5 standard. The maximum data transfer rate has also increased substantially with each Bluetooth generation, going from 1 Mbit/s speeds initially to 50 Mbit/s as of Bluetooth 5.2.
Overall, Bluetooth provides a convenient and standardized way for devices to discover, connect, and communicate data with each other wirelessly and automatically. With widespread adoption, a vast ecosystem of Bluetooth devices now seamlessly interoperate using the profiles and protocols defined by the Bluetooth SIG.
Source: https://www.bluetooth.com/learn-about-bluetooth/tech-overview/
Bluetooth Profiles for Audio
The Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP) allows high quality audio to be streamed over Bluetooth from one device to another such as a smartphone to a wireless speaker. The A2DP profile provides the capability to stream stereo-quality audio at bit rates up to 320 kbit/s. This enables applications such as wireless headphones to stream high fidelity music from a smartphone, tablet or laptop.
The Hands-Free Profile (HFP) allows the use of Bluetooth headphones, headsets, and car audio systems for hands-free calling. The HFP profile defines how a gateway device like a mobile phone can be used handsfree such as in a car via Bluetooth. Features enabled by HFP include call initiation, call answering, call rejection, redialling last number, voice dialling and call termination.
Connecting a Microphone via Bluetooth
Bluetooth microphones typically use the Hands-Free Profile (HFP) in order to transmit audio to devices like smartphones, tablets, and computers. The HFP profile allows for two-way communication between a Bluetooth device and a host device. For microphones, this enables capturing audio through the mic and streaming it to the connected device.
To pair a Bluetooth microphone with a smartphone, tablet, or computer, follow these general steps:
- Enable Bluetooth on the host device you want to connect the microphone to. On most devices, this can be done through the Settings app.
- Put the Bluetooth microphone into pairing mode, often by pressing and holding a multi-function button on the microphone for a few seconds.
- On the host device, scan and select the microphone from the list of available Bluetooth devices to initiate pairing.
- If prompted, confirm pairing by checking codes on both devices or granting permission. The microphone may play a tone to indicate successful pairing.
- Open an app on the host device that utilizes a microphone, like a voice recorder or video conferencing app, to begin using the Bluetooth mic.
Most Bluetooth microphones will automatically reconnect to previously paired devices when powered on and in range. But the pairing process only needs to be completed once before normal use.
Bluetooth Microphone Use Cases
There are several popular use cases for Bluetooth microphones:
Using a Bluetooth mic for phone calls
Many Bluetooth microphones can be paired with smartphones to improve call quality. The mic captures your voice clearly while rejecting background noise. This leads to improved call clarity for both parties. High-quality Bluetooth mics like the Jabra Speak 750 are designed specifically for crystal clear phone calls.
Recording audio into an app or software
Bluetooth microphones can transmit audio directly into recording apps and software like GarageBand or Hindenburg. This allows for wireless recording while maintaining excellent audio quality. Podcasters often use Bluetooth mics like the Rode Wireless Go II to record interviews or co-hosted shows without cables.
Live streaming broadcasts
When live streaming video to platforms like Facebook, YouTube or Twitch, adding a Bluetooth microphone helps ensure studio-quality sounding audio. The wireless connection allows presenters to move freely while the mic transmits audio to the streaming software or camera. Mics like the Shure MV7 are great options for live streaming broadcasts.
Selecting a Bluetooth Microphone
When choosing a Bluetooth microphone, there are several key factors to consider:
Battery Life and Range
Bluetooth microphones operate wirelessly, meaning battery life is an important consideration. Look for options offering at least 4-6 hours of record time per charge. Range is also key – Bluetooth devices can usually work up to 100 feet away from the paired device.
Sound Quality
Audio quality can vary greatly between Bluetooth microphones. Look for options with a high signal-to-noise ratio and lack of latency, which cause problems like audio lag or echo. Better Bluetooth codes like aptX or AAC often equate to improved sound.
Lavalier vs. Handheld Mics
Lavalier microphones clip onto clothing near the speaker’s mouth for clear, hands-free audio capture. However, they are prone to rustling noises. Handheld mics must be held but offer greater versatility and control.
Ultimately, consider your intended application. Lavalier types work well for podcasting, while reporters may prefer the flexibility of a handheld design.
Bluetooth Bandwidth Limitations
Bluetooth audio has bandwidth limitations that can reduce sound quality compared to a wired connection. Bluetooth audio encoding and compression is used to transmit audio over Bluetooth wireless at bandwidths ranging from 328 kbps to 990 kbps depending on the Bluetooth version and codec (1). This is significantly below the bandwidth of CD-quality audio at 1,411 kbps.
For example, the SBC codec used in Bluetooth 5.0 has a bitrate of 328 kbps, which is suitable for streaming music but reduces audio quality compared to a wired connection. More advanced codecs like aptX and LDAC offer higher bitrates up to 990 kbps but require support on both transmitting and receiving devices.
In addition, interference from other Bluetooth devices can disrupt Bluetooth audio streaming and cause drops, clicks, or pops in the audio. Using Bluetooth 5.0 or newer can help reduce interference through improved encoding and signal robustness.
Bluetooth vs Wireless Microphones
Bluetooth and WiFi wireless microphones utilize different technologies that have unique differences in latency, range, and sound quality. Bluetooth microphones operate on the 2.4 GHz frequency and use compressed audio codecs to transmit data. This allows Bluetooth devices to function properly within shorter ranges up to 100 feet, but can introduce small delays or latency during transmission [1]. WiFi wireless microphones can transmit uncompressed audio at longer ranges over 200 feet without latency, providing CD-quality sound. However, WiFi microphones are generally more expensive and require more power than comparable Bluetooth models.
In summary, Bluetooth wireless microphones provide convenience and affordability for shorter range streaming applications where minor latency is acceptable. WiFi wireless microphones deliver superior sound quality, zero latency, and extended range for more professional use cases. When selecting between the two technologies, consider your budget, necessary range, audio quality needs, and tolerance for transmission delays.
Troubleshooting Bluetooth Mic Issues
If you are experiencing issues with your Bluetooth microphone, there are some common troubleshooting steps you can try:
Check Connections and Settings
First, check that all connections are secure and the microphone is properly paired to the receiving device. Also verify the microphone volume is turned up and not muted in both the mic settings itself as well as the connected device (i.e. computer or phone). On Windows, go to Sound Settings > Input to adjust microphone volume and levels [1].
Test with Troubleshooting Tools
If issues persist, use built-in troubleshooting tools for your operating system. On Windows 10 and 11, search for “Troubleshoot” then run the audio playback and recording diagnostics [2]. This will walk through tests and suggest fixes like updating drivers.
Reset and Repair
As a last resort if the mic is still not working properly over Bluetooth, reset your Bluetooth device, uninstall and reinstall audio drivers, or reset the connected smartphone/tablet to factory default settings. This should resolve any software issues causing problems.
Bluetooth Mic Alternatives
While Bluetooth microphones offer convenience and mobility, they have some limitations in bandwidth and battery life. There are several alternatives to consider for your audio recording needs:
Wired Microphones
Wired microphones generally provide better sound quality and reliability compared to wireless options. Some high-quality wired mics to consider include:
- Shure SM58: An industry standard, inexpensive handheld vocal mic (Source 1)
- Shure SM7B: A premium studio mic for vocals, broadcasting, podcasts, and more
- Rode NT1A: Budget studio condenser mic with excellent audio quality
For content creators on the go, a wired lavalier mic with a smartphone interface is another alternative that provides excellent audio at an affordable price point.
Wireless Mic Systems
Wireless microphone systems with dedicated receivers can provide clear, stable audio at long ranges. If you need more wireless operating range along with robust audio quality, consider the following options:
- Saramonic UwMic10: A popular wireless lavalier system under $250, comparable to the Rode Wireless Go (Source 2)
- Sennheiser XSW-D Portable Lavalier Set: A higher-end wireless system with excellent range and sound
- MicW iClip family: An affordable wireless solution for smartphone users
Choose a wireless microphone system based on your budget, device compatibility needs, and audio requirements for your production.
The Future of Bluetooth Audio
New Bluetooth standards like LE Audio are on the horizon that promise major improvements for Bluetooth microphones and audio quality. LE Audio will introduce a new low complexity communications codec called LC3 that supports the highest audio quality at the lowest power consumption. This can enable longer battery life microphones with CD-like audio quality over Bluetooth.
Bluetooth 5.0 and newer versions also introduce extended range up to 800 feet line of sight as well as higher bandwidth for more reliable audio. Additional channels can enable streaming to multiple devices, perfect for multi-person interviews or group recordings.
So in summary, upcoming Bluetooth enhancements around LE Audio, extended range, higher bandwidth, and multiple connections should all contribute to better future performance for Bluetooth connected microphones. This will make wireless microphones via Bluetooth more practical and comparable in quality to wired solutions for many professional use cases.