Sound pressure level (SPL) is a measurement of the sound pressure of a sound relative to a reference value (https://pulsarinstruments.com/news/sound-pressure-level-and-spl-meters/). It is expressed on a decibel (dB) scale, which represents the ratio between a measured pressure level and a reference level. The reference sound pressure level used to compare other sound pressure levels against is…
High-definition audio refers to high-quality digital audio that provides a superior listening experience compared to standard digital audio. It is characterized by higher sampling rates, bit depth, and file sizes than standard audio (Sony’s Kicking It Old-School At CES And Releasing A High …). The increased resolution allows HD audio to reproduce the full range…
Audio Video Bridging (AVB) refers to a set of standards that enable low latency, time-synchronized streaming of audio and video content over Ethernet networks (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_Video_Bridging). The key benefits of AVB include improved quality of service, precise synchronization between audio and video streams, and guaranteed bandwidth for time-sensitive media traffic. The primary purpose of AVB is…
An audio codec (encoder/decoder) is a software program that compresses and decompresses digital audio data. Audio codecs play a critical role in digital audio by enabling audio files to be efficiently stored and transmitted. Without audio codecs, digital audio files would be too large to download and store on devices. Audio codecs allow high-quality audio…
Digital audio is sound that has been converted into numerical representations for storage and transmission (Davis, 1988). It allows sound to be recorded, stored, manipulated, and reproduced using digital signals, in contrast to analog audio which represents sound using continuous waveforms. The origins of digital audio date back to the late 1920s when Bell Telephone…
Voice Isolution is a virtual voice assistant developed by Anthropic to have natural conversations and be helpful, harmless, and honest. It utilizes a cutting-edge AI technique called Constitutional AI to align Voice Isolution’s goals with human values. This allows Voice Isolution to have thoughtful discussions, admit mistakes, and refuse harmful requests. The technology behind Voice…
Spatial audio refers to sound that gives listeners a sense of space and dimensionality beyond standard stereo audio. As defined by PCMag, spatial audio is “Audio amplification and speaker technologies that reproduce the spaciousness of sound in either a real venue such as a live concert or in a fabricated three-dimensional space” (https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/spatial-audio). Spatial audio…
Android’s audio architecture has evolved significantly since the first version of Android was released in 2008. According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history, audio functionality was limited in early versions of Android. Multichannel audio and USB audio support were added in Android 3.1 Honeycomb and 4.1 Jelly Bean respectively. Today, Android’s audio framework provides apps with audio functionality through…
What is Audio Loopback? Audio loopback refers to the routing of audio internally within a computer system or device [1]. It allows audio from one application to be sent to another application as an input. For example, audio loopback enables the audio output from a media player to be routed back into a recording software…
The Android audio architecture has evolved significantly since the first version of Android was released in 2008. In the early days of Android, basic audio support was provided through the OpenCORE media framework carried over from Linux. This provided basic audio playback and recording capabilities, but lacked higher-level features like audio routing and audio effects…